Effects of BRAF(V600E) mutation on Na(+)/I(-) symporter expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Radioiodine ablation (RIA) therapy is one of the most important treatments for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but some patients who received (131)I have radioiodine-refractory disease caused by the decreased expression of the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS). BRAF(V600E) mutation is one possible risk factor that can disturb the NIS expression, but the roles are unclear in clinical practice. This research discussed the association of BRAF(V600E) mutation and NIS expression in PTC tissue and the clinical implications in RIA therapy. 134 PTC samples were collected between June 2013 and June 2014 from Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. RT-PCR was used to detect the BRAF(V600E) mutation from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, and immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the NIS expression. IPP software was used to calculate the relative expression quantity of NIS. We found that there was no significant correlation between the absorbance (A) values of NIS and clinicopathologic features in these cases, even thyroid stimulating hormone. BRAF(V600E) mutation showed inhibitory effect on the NIS expression without statistically significant difference in all PTC cases (β=-0.0195, P=0.085), but in the subgroup without hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), BRAF(V600E) mutation could significantly inhibit the NIS expression (β=-0.0257, P=0.046). The results indicate that BRAF(V600E) mutation is correlated with a lower expression of NIS in PTCs without HT, suggesting the radioiodine-refractory effects during RIA therapy in these patients.

Effects of BRAF(V600E) mutation on Na(+)/I(-) symporter expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Radioiodine ablation (RIA) therapy is one of the most important treatments for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but some patients who received (131)I have radioiodine-refractory disease caused by the decreased expreβsion of the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS). BRAF(V600E) mutation is one poβsible risk factor that can disturb the NIS expression, but the roles are unclear in clinical practice. This research discussed the association of BRAF(V600E) mutation and NIS expression in PTC tissue and the clinical implications in RIA therapy. 134 PTC samples were collected between June 2013 and June 2014 from Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. RT-PCR was used to detect the BRAF(V600E) mutation from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, and immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the NIS expression. IPP software was used to calculate the relative expression quantity of NIS. We found that there was no significant correlation between the absorbance (A) values of NIS and clinicopathologic features in these cases, even thyroid stimulating hormone. BRAF(V600E) mutation showed inhibitory effect on the NIS expression without statistically significant difference in all PTC cases (β=-0.0195, P=0.085), but in the subgroup without hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), BRAF(V600E) mutation could significantly inhibit the NIS expression (β=-0.0257, P=0.046). The results indicate that BRAF(V600E) mutation is correlated with a lower expression of NIS in PTCs without HT, suggesting the radioiodine-refractory effects during RIA therapy in these patients.

Inhibitory effects of blockage of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K (+) channels on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The roles of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (IKCa1) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of IKCa1 protein in 50 HCC and 20 para-carcinoma tissue samples. Real-time PCR was used to detect the transcription level of IKCa1 mRNA in 13 HCC and 11 para-carcinoma tissue samples. The MTT assay was used to measure the function of IKCa1 in human HCC cell line HepG2 in vitro. TRAM-34, a specific blocker of IKCa1, was used to intervene with the function of IKCa1. As compared with para-carcinoma tissue, an over-expression of IKCa1 protein was detected in HCC tissue samples (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of IKCa1 in HCC tissues was 2.17 times higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was suppressed by TRAM-34 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μmol/L) in vitro (P<0.05). Our results suggested that IKCa1 may play a role in the proliferation of human HCC, and IKCa1 blockers may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Inhibitory effects of blockage of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K (+) channels on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The roles of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (IKCa1) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of IKCa1 protein in 50 HCC and 20 para-carcinoma tissue samples. Real-time PCR was used to detect the transcription level of IKCa1 mRNA in 13 HCC and 11 para-carcinoma tissue samples. The MTT assay was used to measure the function of IKCa1 in human HCC cell line HepG2 in vitro. TRAM-34, a specific blocker of IKCa1, was used to intervene with the function of IKCa1. As compared with para-carcinoma tissue, an over-expression of IKCa1 protein was detected in HCC tissue samples (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of IKCa1 in HCC tissues was 2.17 times higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was suppressed by TRAM-34 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μmol/L) in vitro (P<0.05). Our results suggested that IKCa1 may play a role in the proliferation of human HCC, and IKCa1 blockers may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Effect of protecting parathyroid in situ in the operation of total thyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of protecting parathyroid glands in situ in the operation of total thyroidectomy by detecting parathyroid hormone after the operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the surgical team, 1019 consecutive patients with thyroid diseases were treated with total thyroidectomy. During the operation, parathyroid glands were protected in situ with correctly identifying the parathyroid glands, precisely dissecting its envelope and protecting its blood supply. Serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone were measured before and 24 hours after operation. The patients who had symptomatic hypocalcemia or hypoparathyroidism were given supportive treatment and followed-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At least one of the parathyroid glands was preserved and remained in situ in all cases. Eighty-nine cases (8.7%) had decreased parathyroid hormone levels and 42 cases (4.1%) had complicated symptomatic hypocalcemia. The symptoms of hypocalcemia in all these cases could be controlled by supportive treatment, and serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone had all recovered 1 - 6 months later. If 3 and 4 parathyroid were conserved in situ, the postoperative complication rate was significantly lower than those with 1 and 2 parathyroid conserved (decreased PTH 69/999 vs 20/20, symptoms of hypocalcemia 25/999 vs 17/20, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The techniques to protect parathyroid glands in situ are effective measure to prevent the postoperative hypoparathyroidism in total thyroidectomy.</p>

Conservative therapy in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and evaluate the combined conservative managements in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty nine cases of cervical chylous leakage from June 1992 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed in this hospital. All of the 39 cases were cured by treating with conservative individualized therapy, including the applying of diet with high calorie, high protein and low fat and fatty food should only contains medium-chain triglycerides, total parenteral nutrition, keep the balance of hydrogen and electrolyte and correct hypoproteinemia, local pressure dressing, high persistent vacuum drainage (-50 approximately -80 kPa) and/or somatostatin analogue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases of chylous leakage happened 2nd to 5th days after the operation. Among the 39 cases, 7 were high flow (drainage>or=500 ml/d) chylous leakage, the amount of drainage reached as high as 1440 ml per day. The time of chylous leakage closure was 3 approximately 12 days, and the mean time was 7 days. No one experienced re-operation, wound hydrops or wound infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The conservative individualized therapy may play a key role in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage.</p>

PTEN induces anoikis through its phosphatase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and mechanisms of tumor suppressor gene PTEN on the induction of anoikis of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SMMC-7721 cells were transfected with GFP plasmids containing wild-type PTEN or phosphatase inactivating mutant PTEN (C124A-PTEN) in vitro; The PTEN expression and the phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) were detected by Western blotting; Flow cytometry assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to analyze apoptosis in adherent and non-adherent cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control, PTEN expression in the cells transfected with wild-type PTEN increased to 248%, while the phosphorylation level of FAK and Akt decreased 65.2% and 89.1%, respectively; and the anoikis percentage increased from 9.5% to 31.3%. In the cells transfected with C124A-PTEN, neither the phosphorylation of FAK and Akt nor the anoikis percentage had obviously changed, although the PTEN expression enhanced dramatically in comparison with the control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Through its phosphatase activity, tumor suppressor gene PTEN can suppress the phosphorylation of FAK and Akt, and induce anoikis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.</p>

PTEN induces apoptosis and up-regulates p53 expression in HepG2 cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of tumor suppressor gene PTEN on apoptosis and protein expression of p53 in HepG2 cells, as well as to explore its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HepG2 cells were transfected with GFP plasmids containing wild-type PTEN or G129E-PTEN and C124A-PTEN in vitro. Both the expression of wild-type p53 and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were detected by Western blotting. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to analyze apoptosis of the transfected cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control, the expression of phosphorylated FAK and phosphoylated Akt were down-regulated in HepG2 cells transfected with wild-type PTEN (-65%, -93%) and G129E-PTEN (-65%, -35%), whereas the apoptosis percentage increased to (19.8+/-1.2)% and (9.2+/-0.6)%, and p53 expression was up-regulated by 120% and 50%, respectively. However, in the cells transfected with C124A-PTEN, neither the phosphorylation of FAK and Akt nor the apoptosis percentage and p53 expression had changed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PTEN can dephosphrylate FAK through its protein phosphatase activity, and suppress phosphorylation of Akt mainly through its lipid phosphatase activity. Consequently, it can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and up-regulate p53 expression.</p>

Meta-analysis on curative effects of surgical procedures for intrahepatic bile duct lithiasis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare curative effects of various surgical procedures of bile duct stones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-five patients with intrahepatic bile duct lithiasis who had undergone various surgical procedures were analysed with Meta-analysis. Some of these cases were reported in Chinese Medical Journals from January 1990 to March 2001 and others were from Tongji Hospital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant difference between curative effects of non-hepatectomy and that of hepatectomy (chi(2) = 62.945, P < 0.01), and the outcomes of hepatectomy were much better than those of non-hepatectomy with OR(S) equalled to 0.303 (0.222 - 0.413). There was not a significant difference between curative effect of interposed jejunum and that of hepatectomy (95% CI of RR from 0.98 to 1.04). All the other operation, effects were worse than hepatectomy (upper limit of 95% CI of RR < 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hepatectomy is the most ideal surgery for intrahepatic bile duct stones and operation methods should be diversified since good effect could also be obtained when other operations are performed on suitable cases.</p>